1) $101^2 = (100+1)^2 = 100^2+2\times 100\times 1+1^2=10000 + 200 + 1 = \mathbf{10\,201}$
2) $49^2 = (50-1)^2 = 50^2-2\times 50\times 1+1^2= 2500 - 100 + 1 = \mathbf{2\,401}$
3) $205^2 = (200+5)^2 = 200^2+2\times 200\times 5+5^2=40000 + 2000 + 25 = \mathbf{42\,025}$
4) $52 \times 48 = (50+2)(50-2) = 50^2 - 2^2 = 2500-4= \mathbf{2\,496}$
5) $1003 \times 997 = (1000+3)(1000-3) = 1000^2-3^2=\mathbf{1\,000\,000}-9= \mathbf{999\,991}$